Elbow Fractures

An olecranon fracture occurs when there is a break in the bony prominence at the tip of the elbow, known as the olecranon process. This type of fracture typically results from a direct blow to the elbow or a fall onto an outstretched arm, often seen in sports injuries or accidents. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty extending the elbow fully. In severe cases, there may be visible deformity or instability.

Treatment may involve immobilization with a splint or cast, or surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the fracture and the degree of displacement. Physical therapy is often recommended post-treatment to restore strength, range of motion, and function to the elbow joint, ensuring optimal recovery and return to activities.

A radial head fracture occurs when there is a break in the radial head, one of the two bones in the forearm that form the elbow joint. This type of fracture commonly results from a fall onto an outstretched hand or a direct impact to the elbow, such as in a motor vehicle accident or sports injury. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, particularly in bending and twisting movements of the forearm. In some cases, there may be associated bruising or tenderness along the outer part of the elbow.

Treatment varies depending on the severity of the fracture and may include immobilization with a splint or sling for minor fractures, or surgical intervention for more complex or displaced fractures. Rehabilitation typically focuses on restoring flexibility and strength to the elbow and forearm through a tailored physical therapy program, aimed at optimizing healing and functional outcomes.

A distal humerus fracture involves a break in the lower end of the upper arm bone (humerus), near the elbow joint. This type of fracture can occur from a variety of traumas, such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, or direct blows to the elbow, and is often associated with significant force or impact. Symptoms of a distal humerus fracture include severe pain, swelling, deformity, and difficulty moving the elbow. In some cases, there may be visible bruising or skin changes over the fracture site.

Treatment typically requires surgical repair to realign the fractured bone fragments and stabilize the joint, often with the use of plates, screws, or other fixation devices. Postoperative rehabilitation is essential to regain strength, flexibility, and function in the elbow, and may include a combination of physical therapy exercises, activity modifications, and gradual return to normal activities.