Patellar Fracture

Patellar fractures manifest with immediate and intense pain, often accompanied by significant swelling, tenderness, and warmth at the front of the knee. Patients may struggle to straighten the leg, experiencing stiffness and limited range of motion. Visible deformity or bruising around the knee area can also be observed. Weight-bearing on the affected leg can become challenging, and mobility may be severely compromised, particularly during activities that involve bending or extending the knee.

Patellar fractures commonly occur due to direct trauma to the knee, often resulting from high-energy accidents such as falls from height, motor vehicle collisions, or sports-related injuries involving forceful impacts or sudden twisting movements. In sports, activities like football, basketball, and skiing pose a higher risk due to frequent contact, abrupt changes in direction, and jumping maneuvers. Additionally, underlying factors such as weakened bone density, seen in conditions like osteoporosis or repetitive stress injuries from overuse, can predispose individuals to fractures, making the patella more susceptible to injury even with relatively minor trauma or strain. Moreover, anatomical abnormalities, such as patella alta (high-riding patella) or patella baja (low-riding patella), may increase stress on the patella, contributing to fracture development.

Diagnosing patellar fractures involves a comprehensive evaluation, beginning with a detailed medical history and thorough physical examination. Clinicians assess the location and severity of pain, swelling, and tenderness around the knee joint. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRI scans, are essential for confirming the diagnosis, evaluating the fracture pattern, and assessing potential damage to surrounding structures such as ligaments and cartilage. These diagnostic tools help guide treatment decisions and determine the most appropriate management approach for each patient.

Treatment strategies vary based on the fracture's severity. Conservative approaches may include immobilization with a cast or brace to stabilize the knee joint, along with pain management and rest. In cases of severe fractures with significant displacement or disruption of the joint surface, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical techniques may involve realigning the fractured bone fragments and stabilizing the patella with pins, screws, wires, or plates, followed by rehabilitation to restore knee function and mobility.