Frozen Shoulder

Clinically termed adhesive capsulitis, shoulder stiffness arises from the gradual thickening and tightening of the shoulder capsule, the fibrous tissue encasing the shoulder joint. This progressive constriction leads to a pronounced reduction in the joint's range of motion, accompanied by stiffness and persistent pain. While the precise etiology of adhesive capsulitis often remains elusive, certain predisposing factors heighten the risk of its development. Immobility resulting from prolonged periods of inactivity post-injury or surgery can significantly contribute to the onset of frozen shoulder. Additionally, individuals with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes or thyroid disorders are more prone to experiencing adhesive capsulitis.

Although the exact mechanisms linking these conditions to frozen shoulder are not fully understood, they are believed to exacerbate inflammation and disrupt the normal healing process of the shoulder capsule. Understanding and addressing these risk factors are pivotal in both the prevention and management of this condition.

Prolonged immobilization or inactivity of the shoulder joint, often necessitated by injury, surgery, or medical conditions, can precipitate the development of frozen shoulder. When the shoulder remains stationary for extended periods, the surrounding soft tissues and capsule gradually lose their flexibility and elasticity. As a result, the joint's mobility becomes progressively restricted, leading to stiffness and discomfort. Individuals who undergo procedures such as shoulder surgery or sustain injuries requiring immobilization, such as fractures or dislocations, are particularly susceptible to this form of shoulder dysfunction.

Trauma or injury to the shoulder, whether from fractures, dislocations, or soft tissue damage, can instigate a cascade of events that culminate in the development of frozen shoulder. Following trauma, the body initiates a reparative process that involves the formation of scar tissue within the injured tissues, including the shoulder capsule. While scar tissue is essential for wound healing, its excessive accumulation can lead to adhesions within the shoulder joint, impairing its mobility and function. Consequently, individuals who experience shoulder trauma may subsequently develop symptoms of frozen shoulder, such as stiffness, pain, and diminished range of motion.